Discovered in 1817 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, selenium is a metallic element named after Selene, the Greek moon goddess. Though it often appears as a silvery metal, selenium can also be red or black. It is an essential trace element but can be toxic in large amounts.
Selenium is primarily obtained from anode muds during the electrolytic refining of copper, especially in countries like Japan, Germany, and Belgium. These residues are processed using sodium carbonate or sulfuric acid. Improper handling or disposal of selenium-containing waste can lead to sewage discharge and subsequent water pollution.
Because of its widespread industrial use, selenium is a common chemical contaminantthat may leach into the environment through faulty storage, accidental spills, or insufficiently treated wastewater.
Industrial and Technological Uses:
Environmental and Public Health Concerns:
To prevent sewage overflow and protect against water pollution, facilities must treat selenium-containing effluents effectively. Selenium is classified as an S7 poison with chronic health effects. It is hazardous if inhaled or ingested and can cause organ damage through prolonged exposure.
Safe Practices:
If contamination occurs, wastewater treatment should be performed according to local environmental regulations to avoid downstream sewage discharge and protect public health.
Disposal should always comply with hazardous waste guidelines. Selenium waste must be:
In emergencies:
Although selenium plays a valuable role in modern industry and medicine, it must be managed responsibly. Poor disposal can result in water contamination, sewage overflow, and serious environmental impact. Proper wastewater treatment and handling are essential to avoid risks to public health and the environment.
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