A bladder condition where the bladder is emptied infrequently due to voiding problems. During voiding, the sphincter muscle is contracted which obstructs the outflow of the urine which can cause enlarged urinary tract and even kidney failure in severe cases. The disorder usually affects children but some cases persist into adulthood where they present with urination difficulty, bladder emptying problems or kidney failure. As urine is frequently retained, bacterial infections are common. The disorder is believed to have psychogenic origins possibly due to fear of punishment if bedwetting occurs or some other sort of stress such as family breakup. Usually the child's initial toilet training is satisfactory. See also Hinman syndrome